Demand for converged WiFi/cellular services is now coming more from enterprises in the context of private 5G and some IoT use cases, including autonomous driving and, more broadly, smart cities. It used to come from telcos, especially those offering both mobile and fixed networks, seeking synergies between the two, looking to offload traffic to their broadband networks via WiFi to manage the rapid growth in traffic generated by smartphones. There has been a long history, dating back to 3GPP Release 8 in 2008, when the Access Network Discovery and Selection Function (ANDSF) framework was introduced as a standardized mechanism for UE (User Equipment) to discover non-3GPP access networks, including WiFi. Other key capabilities have been developed since, most notably the…